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・ James Stephens Bulloch
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James Steuart Shanks
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James Steuart Shanks : ウィキペディア英語版
James Steuart Shanks

James Steuart Shanks,〔Sometimes misspelled as James Stewart Shanks〕 (1826–1911), second son of the coachmaker Robert Shanks was a British merchant living in Moscow. James studied at Leiden University and he came of age in 1845 at which point he inherited from his uncle Robert How. In 1852 James established the Moscow shop 'Shanks & Bolin, Magasin Anglais' 〔Pitcher (1994) p146〕 with Henrik Conrad Bolin, younger brother of Carl Edvard Bolin, the St. Petersburg jeweller of House of Bolin. Two of James' children made significant contributions to art and literature.
==Family background==
James was the second son of Robert Shanks, coachmaker of Gt. Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. Robert Shanks was born in Calcutta and apprenticed as a coachmaker with the Steuart coachbuilders where his brothers were partners. Robert moved to London to partner Robert How in the London coachmaking business and marry Ann How, Robert How's sister. James Shanks was the second son of Robert Shanks, the first son, Robert How Shanks, inherited his father's business after his father's retirement and the death of Robert How with no issue. James went to University in Leiden, and apprenticed to the cloth merchant Bradbury Greatorex & Co 〔Bradbury Greatorex and Co. (1970)〕 where he gained a knowledge of textiles. When he came of age he inherited from his uncle Robert How, James chose to make his own way in life. It is not known how he met Henrik Conrad Bolin (1818–1888), however, the Bolins are known to have had considerable success at the Great Exhibition of 1851,〔http://www.bolin.se/en/ W A Bolin See history page〕 Shanks & Bolin was established in the following year.

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